Patho Final Exam Study Guide Latest Update

1. Define Preload
Preload is related to ventricular filling just prior to contraction of left ventricular enddiastolic volume (LVEDV).
2. Modifiable risk factors for hypertension
 Dietary-Salt intake
 Weight-obesity
 ETHO
 Smoking
 Physical inactivity
 Control DM
3. Which cells are involved with inflammation?
Eosinophils, Basophils, and Mast Cells
4. What is the purpose of the inflammatory process?
Innate Immunity
5. What causes edema in the inflammatory process?
Mast cell release mediators like eosinophil chemotactic factor upon degranulation,
contributing to inflammation – Eosinophil chemotaxis.
6. Active versus passive immunity
Active Immunity results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the
immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Active immunity can be
acquired through natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity.
o Natural immunity is acquired from exposure to the disease organism
through infection with the actual disease.
o Vaccine-induced immunity is acquired through the introduction of a
killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination.
Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease
rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
o A newborn baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the
placenta.
7. Most abundant immunoglobulin