NURS 8024 Pharmacology EXAM 1 SUMMARY NOTES WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A.
Pediatric patients can be exposed to drugs in three ways
✔✔direct administration
breast milk
transplacental
Pediatric patients are at risk for ADRs such as
✔✔paradoxical reactions
Drug contraindications in pediatric patients include
✔✔• Tetracyclines (teeth staining <9 yrs)
• Aspirin- Reyes syndrome
• Valproic acid (liver toxicity <2 yrs)
Considerations for medication distribution for pregnant and nursing
women include
✔✔Risk vs benefit x 2
- consider timing of exposure to fetus
- no real placental barrier (99% drugs cross placenta)
Breastfeeding can be temporarily interrupted as drug concentrations are
generally low
Common known medication hazards in pregnancy include
✔✔• Isotretinoin (Accutane)- severe defects w/ sm. dose
• REMS- requires 2 forms of birth control
• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) - renal abnormalities
• Caffeine: fetal growth, bone development,
• Nicotine- smoking - Physical and mental growth retardation