NURS 611 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATED REVIEW MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
Nurs 611 Advanced Pathophysiology
Key Points Exam 1:
Know Cell components and what they do:
· Nucleus- Located in the center of the cell and contains the nucleolus which is
composed of DNA, RNA, histones, and chromosomes. Primary functions are cell
division, replication and repair of DNA, and transcription of RNA.
· Ribosomes- Protein making factory (nucleoproteins). Goes into the nucleus, gets the
“recipe”, transcribes the DNA, brings it out of the nucleus and releases the protein into
the cytoplasm.
· Lysosome- “garbage disposal”. filled with enzymes that digest organic molecules
within the cell. They use hydrolase to break down the molecules.
· Peroxisome- “garbage disposal”. Contain oxidative enzymes catalase and urate
oxidase. Larger than lysosomes. Detoxifies compounds and fatty acids that contain
hydrogen.
What are Free Radicals or Reactive Oxygen Species? How do they cause damage? Free
radicals are unstable electrically uncharged molecular species that roam free and will
steal electrons from other cell membranes thus destroying that cell.
Cell membrane
· What is the Plasma Membrane made up of? The membrane is made up of lipids and
proteins (lipid bilayer)
· Why do we need a Cell membrane? The cell membrane acts as a “filter”. They
provide protection, transport material, allow cell to cell interaction.
· How is Osmolality different between ICF and ECF? Body osmolality is 280-294
and ICF and ECF are equal.
· What do proteins do for the cell? How much of the Cell membrane is made up of
protein? Proteins perform most of the membrane's tasks. They are the cell's workhorses.
They transport things across the cell membrane and act as receptors, enzymes, or
transporters.
· What is a protein? Made from a chain of amino acids called polypeptides. There are
20 types.
3 types of Cell junctions:
· Describe what Tight junctions are and why we need them? Barriers to diffusion.
Prevent movement of substances. Prevent leakage.
· Describe what Gap junctions are and why we need them? Clusters of
communicating tunnels. They allow small ions and molecules to pass from inside one
cell into the inside of another cell.