NU 208 Pathophysiology LATEST MIDTERM EXAM GUIDE 2025/2026

1. A patient presents with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.
Which of the following conditions is most likely?
 a) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

 b) Glomerulonephritis

 c) Cirrhosis

 d) Myocardial Infarction

 Correct Answer: b) Glomerulonephritis
 Rationale: Glomerulonephritis often presents with
hypertension, edema, and proteinuria due to inflammation and
damage to the glomeruli within the kidneys.
 2. A patient with chronic bronchitis is most likely to show which
of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results?
© HU 2024/2025
 a) pH 7.45, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L

 b) pH 7.35, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 28 mEq/L

 c) pH 7.30, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3- 18 mEq/L

 d) pH 7.50, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L

 Correct Answer: b) pH 7.35, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 28
mEq/L
 Rationale: Chronic bronchitis typically results in chronic
respiratory acidosis with compensatory metabolic alkalosis,
reflected in a normal pH, elevated PaCO2, and elevated HCO3-.