1. What are the main classes of antidepressants and how do they differ in their mechanism of action? Answer: The main classes of antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants. They differ in their mechanism of action by affecting the availability and metabolism of different neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine, in the synaptic cleft. 2. What are the common side effects and contraindications of antipsychotics? Answer: The common side effects of antipsychotics include extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia; metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular dis ease; neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a life-threatening condition characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability; and anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and c ognitive impairment. The contraindications of antipsychotics include hypersensitivity to the drug or its components, severe central nervous system depression, blood dyscrasias, liver or renal impairment, narrow-angle glaucoma, and cardiac arrhythmias. 3. What are the indications and precautions of lithium therapy for bipolar disorder? Answer: Lithium is a mood stabilizer that is indicated for the treatment of acute mania and maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window and requires regular monitoring of serum levels, renal function, thyroid function, and electrolytes. Lithium can cause toxicity if the serum level exceeds 1.5 mEq/L, which can manifest as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, ataxia, confusion, seizures, coma, and death. Lithium therapy should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, dehydration, hyponatremia, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders? Answer: Benzodiazepines are sedative-hypnotic drugs that enhance the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Benzodiazepines have advantages such as rapid onset of action, high efficacy, low toxicity, and wide therapeutic index. However, benzodiazepines also have disadvantages such as dependence potential, withdrawal syndrome, tolerance development, cognitive impairment, respiratory depression, and drug interactions. 5. What are the principles and goals of pharmacogenomics in psychopharmacology? Answer: Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variations affect the response to drugs. The principles of pharmacogenomics include identifying genetic markers that predict drug efficacy and toxicity, tailoring drug selection and dosage to individual genetic profiles, and optimizing drug therapy outcomes. The goals of pharmacogenomics in psychopharmacology include improving treatment response, reducing adverse effects, enhancing patient adherence, and increasing cost-effectiveness. 6. What are the clinical features and pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Answer: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. The pharmacological management of ADHD involves stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, and non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine

No comments found.
Login to post a comment

jordancarter 7 months ago

This study guide is clear, well-organized, and covers all the essential topics. The explanations are concise, making complex concepts easier to understand. It could benefit from more practice questions, but overall, it's a great resource for efficient studying. Highly recommend!
Login to review this item
Q. What will I receive when I purchase this document?
A. You will receive a PDF that is available for instant download upon purchase. The document will be accessible to you at any time, from anywhere, and will remain available indefinitely through your profile.
Q. Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
A. Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Q. Who am I buying these notes from?
A. you are buying this document from us learnexams
Q. Will I be stuck with a subscription?
A. No, you only buy these notes for $ indicated . You are not obligated to anything after your purchase.
Q. Can learnexams be trusted?
A. check our reviews at trustpilot
Price $26.00
Add To Cart

Buy Now
Category NR AND NUR Exams
Comments 0
Rating
Sales 0

Buy Our Plan

We have

The latest updated Study Material Bundle with 100% Satisfaction guarantee

Visit Now
Processing