IPMA-HR Module 1 || with 100% Correct Answers.
Transitional Leadership - ANSWER-Mayors, County Executives, and Governors are elected for
specific and generally limited terms, usually due to voter approval or agreement with their state
goals or objectives. Provide greater emphasis on programs and operations previously deemed
less important, and comply with different fiscal, budgetary and taxation objectives.
Transparency - ANSWER-There is a clear expectation, reinforced with "sunshine" laws (i.e.
open meeting/record laws), that business will be transacted in pubic, subject to oversight and
close scrutiny of the citizenry.
Merit System - ANSWER-Established to assure fair and nonpartisan practices with respect to
employment throughout Federal, state, and local governments. A system of rules and policies
established through formal administrative rules, regulations, and procedures which address
employment practices; job classification, compensation, grievance and layoff procedures.
The Pendleton Act 1883 - ANSWER-Introduced the merit system concept to the Federal
government. It established the institutional framework for Federal human resources management.
Created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission as a buffer against partisan pressures from the
executive and legislative branches. Served as a model for reformers seeking to change state and
local governments.
Tides of Reform - ANSWER-The framework in considering the merit system came from Paul
Light in his book, Making Government Work (1997).
The four philosophies of Tides of Reform - ANSWER-Scientific Management, War on Waste,
Watchful Eye, Liberation Management
Scientific Management - ANSWER-Focuses on efficiency via tight hierarchy, specialization,
clear chains of command. Frederick Taylor states that he developed this management theory, to
prove that the best management is a true science, resting upon clearly defined laws, rules, and
principles, as a foundation.