D115 NURS 5800 Advanced Pathophysiology OA READINESS EXAM Q & S 2025/2026

1. Multiple Choice
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis. Laboratory tests reveal decreased hemoglobin
and elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV). What is the
most likely diagnosis?
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Thalassemia
 Answer:
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
 Rationale:
Elevated MCV indicates macrocytic anemia, which is often
due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis are common symptoms associated with vitamin
B12 deficiency.
---
 2. Fill-in-the-Blank
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, _________
directly causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood
pressure.
 Answer:
Angiotensin II
 Rationale:
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases