chem 1100 chapter 5
electronegativity
measure of attraction of an atom for an electron in a chemical bond
polar covalent bond
covalent bond in which the electrons are not equally shared but rather are close to the
more electronegative atom
nonpolar covalent bond
covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally or nearly equally between
atoms
intermolecular force
force that occurs between molecules
hydrogen bond
electrostatic attraction between a H atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N
or F) and a neighboring O, N of F atom either in another molecule or in a different part
of the same molecule
density
mass per unit volume
specific heat
quantity of heat energy that must be absorbed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of
a substance by 1 degree celsius
potable water
water safe for drinking and cooking
surface water
most convenient source for human activities; fresh water found in lakes, rivers and
streams
groundwater
fresh water found in underground reservoirs also known as aquifers
water footprints
estimates of the volume of fresh water used to produce particular goods or to provide
services
solvent
substance, often liquid, that is capable of dissolving one or more pure substances
solute
solid, liquid or gas that dissolves in a solvent
solution
result; homogeneous (of uniform composition) mixture of a solvent and one or more
solutes
aqueous solutions
solutions in which water is the solvent
concentration
ratio of amount of solute to the amount of solution