Anatomy Unit 4 Respiratory and Digestive
Questions & Answers 2025/2026 A+
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1. How is air modified
before it gets to the
alveoli?
cleaned, moistened, warmed
2. What is ventilation? movement of air in and out of the lungs (caused by
pressure changes)
3. What is external respiration?
4. What is internal respiration?
5. What is cellular respiration?
gas exchange in the lungs
gas exchange in other body tissues
use of O2/ production of CO2 in cells
6. What is the larynx? protective sphincter of trachea, keeps airway open,
only allows for air, no liquid, vibrates vocal chords for
a small role in speech
7. What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx?
8. What are the intrinsic (only connect
to larynx cartilages)
muscles and movements?
9. What are the extrinsic (connect larynx
to other structures)
muscles and movements?
10. What are the larynx muscles innervated by?
11. What is the trachea?
epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid
Abduct (open) and adduct (close) cords, volume,
cord stretch, pitch
supra and infrahyoids, elevate and depress for swallowing
vagus nerve (sensory and motor)

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