Actual 2025 AQA A-level POLITICS 7152/3 Paper 3 Political ideas Question Paper + Mark Scheme
Section A – Core Ideologies Short Questions
Answer questions 1, 2 and 3.
Socialism
Explain and analyse three ways in which socialist thinkers view the free market.
[9 marks]
0 2 Liberalism
Explain and analyse three ways in which liberal thinkers view individual liberty.
[9 marks]
0 3 Conservatism
Explain and analyse three ways in which conservative thinkers view the role of the state.
[9 marks]
Section B – Core Ideologies Extract Question
Read the extracts below and answer question 4 that follows.
Methods to achieve Socialism
Extract 1
Reform or revolution?
Legislative reform and revolution are different factors in the development of class society. They
condition and complement each other, and are at the same time exclusive of each other, as are
the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Every legal constitution is the product of a revolution. In the
history of classes, revolution is the act of political creation, while legislation is the political
expression of the life of a society that has already come into being.
The development of democracy brings some sort of “people’s state”. But this participation takes
the form of bourgeois parliamentary democracy, where class conflicts and class domination are
not done away with, but are, on the contrary, displayed in the open. Exactly for this reason must
the proletariat seize political power and suppress completely the capitalist system.
Extract adapted from Reform or Revolution, by Rosa Luxemburg, 1899.
Extract 2
The dangers of revolution
The United Kingdom and the USA should study the USSR to avoid its mistakes. Because
of Great Britain’s unified and stabilised population and unwritten constitution, which permit every
possible alteration, the establishment of a new social order need not involve violent upheaval
against despotic and corrupt government as it did in Tsarist Russia.
Thus, the British people will be able to avoid the crudities and cruelties inherent in sudden and
violent revolution. On the other hand, to carry out social reconstruction it will be desirable to
study the bolder experiments in the USSR owing to the fact the government swept away the
remnants of the old social order.
Extract adapted from The Truth about Soviet Russia, co-authored by Beatrice Webb, 1942.
0 4 Analyse, evaluate and compare the arguments presented in the extracts with regard to
the role of revolution in socialism. In your answer you should refer to the thinkers that
you have studied.